Waste management has become a prominent topic as waste is a burning dispute in the modern world. There will be so many social and environmental issues if the generated waste is not managed properly. There are so many valuable compounds mixed with this waste that can be effectively used in a more beneficial and profitable way. The preparation of organic fertilizer by utilizing those valuable compounds will create a solution to reduce the harmful effects on waste and the effects occurred by using chemical fertilizers as well. Underused waste which are used to prepare this fertilizer contains the nutrients which plant required for their growth. In this research, paddy is focused as it is one of the major crops in Sri Lanka which has so many complain about being contaminated with heavy metals with the use of chemical fertilizers. Organic fertilizer is developed with cow bone, citrus peel, banana peel, eggshells as well as adding dried neem leaves. Neem is added to give pest repellent behavior to the fertilizer. The developed fertilizer is added to the paddy field to identify the impact of organic fertilizer. The paddy after three weeks of the fertilizer applied start fast-growing without any pest damages.

Color is one of the main sensory attributes which influence product acceptance. To maintain and enhance the color of food products. Imparting colors is essential due to various reasons. Synthetic colors are widely used as they are low cost and they have better stability. However, usage of natural pigments should be promoted as an alternative for the harmful colorants mainly in order to reduce the health risks and for some other benefits. There are so many sources in the surrounding that we can extract those pigments. But these pigments are so sensitive to processing conditions so a proper understanding of their properties is very important to utilize them effectively.

Cement is used as a construction material in Sri Lanka. It is made with calcined lime and clay. Alumina, silica and iron oxide are the main substance of the clay. In Sri Lanka, the demand for cement is high in the building and construction sector. In the beginning, the establishment of the kankasanthurai cement factory is the first cement factory in Sri Lanka. The purpose of this study is to examine the production process, its economic support, raw material availability, demand, process modification, optimization steps to implement the production process with minimal environmental impact and minimize the environmental pollution by the cement industry.

Because of their natural properties such as inertness and low bulk densities, plastics have been commonly used in both water and food packaging, making them ideal moving materials, and low risk to pollutants. Plastic bottles and sachets, particularly urban areas have become prevalent throughout the world. The packaging revolt was not backed by proper policy on plastic waste management, which left plenty of cities in Sri Lanka littered with plastic waste; creating horrible visual disorders, and other community health issues. Increasing environmental awareness and decreased landfill potential in most developed countries have prompted plastic recycling programs. Nonetheless, only 5-25% of plastic waste is actually being recycled. The paper addresses the opportunities for the treatment of plastic waste. It is concluded that the current rate of environmental degradation is likely to continue unless long-term remedial measures are taken in the country for the management of plastic waste.

Air pollution is a significant threat to health and the environment for the whole world. When Technology development, air pollution is increased rapidly in all over the world. The air pollution of the atmosphere causes many kinds of weather and climate changes, also depletion of the ozone layer and rising global warming too. In this research paper discussed air pollution in Sri Lanka, the impact of air pollution and how it is affected by environmental pollution. Finally, the suggestions for air pollution impacts and what are the necessary steps for reducing or decrease air pollution are discussed here

Industrial activities has been a significant cause of a lot of ongoing environmental hazards. Among them, a significant threat is from the gases which emit during several industrial processes. Gases such as CO2, NO2, and SO2 are released into the atmosphere due to fossil fuel burning and other chemical reactions. At present, different institutions and organizations are working together to minimize the damage caused by these emissions to the environment and humans by formulating policies and regulations. Further, we can see most industries are keen to implement strategies to reduce their carbon footprint by reducing the flue gas emissions. Enterprises in achieving this target can use several methods. Among them, post-combustion carbon capture is an effective method capable of reducing a significant amount of CO2 from the flue gas concentration. This paper will provide an overview of the post-combustion carbon capture technique, different post-combustion carbon capture methods, the pros, and cons of this method, current status, and various postcombustion carbon capture applications. Industries should interest in taking the support of the post-combustion carbon capture system to reduce their CO2 emissions while minimizing the disadvantages of this method.